7 Agile Software Development Habits that Produce Security Concerns

TL;DR:

• Agile software development allows for fast and flexible delivery of software but can lead to security issues if not properly integrated.
• Common agile habits that produce security concerns include rapid release cycles, inadequate security awareness, and lack of security integrations.
• To address security concerns in agile development, practices such as secure code training, dedicated secure code reviews, and frequent penetration testing should be implemented.
• Third-party risk management is crucial in ensuring that third-party components do not introduce new vulnerabilities into the software.
• While agile development offers many benefits, it is important to consider and address security concerns in the development process.

Agile software development is an approach that seeks to help teams deliver value to their customers faster and with fewer issues than other software development approaches. As the name suggests agile allows teams the flexibility to respond to changes in the marketplace or respond to feedback given to the dev team by stakeholders/customers. However, adopting this speed and flexibility without adequate consideration can come with potential security issues. Due to insufficiencies for security in regular development operations (DevOps), DevSecOps has become increasingly popular to ensure that security is integrated into the software development lifecycle. DevSecOps is the practice of integrating security testing at each stage of software development. Integration of security into one’s development process is an important goal when it comes to cybersecurity. In this article, we are going to discuss 7 security habits you should adopt as part of your agile process to make your development process more secure.

What is the typical agile process?

Source @appsierra

Agile development is all about being fast and flexible in your software development lifecycle. To facilitate this there are five main steps to the typically agile process:

Meet & Plan: In this phase, the team gets together to understand what the requirements are for the software they are making, the features they want to create and do the overall planning for the work they are about to do.

Design: This is where the team works on the actual design of the software they are going to build. They take the high-level ideas that they discussed in phase one and figure out the technical implementation for it. This typically involves the creation of architectural diagrams, database designs, and other technical documentation required to create the software.

Code & Test: In this phase, the team builds the software and tests it to ensure that it works correctly. In this phase, the software should not just be tested to ensure functionality but also for security issues.

Release: In this phase, the software is released to its customers for use. This could be a release of a brand-new software product or just a new version of an existing product.

Feedback: In this phase, the development team receives feedback from the stakeholders using the application and uses that information to plan for future software development activities.

How most agile processes fail to properly integrate secure coding practices

While agile development allows for quick and flexible delivery of software products, it can lead to security issues because of the original way it’s designed. Firstly, fast turnarounds usually lead to dev teams neglecting or rushing their security reviews of code. Without quality security reviews there is a higher chance of security issues making their way into production.

Secondly, the agile process is a continuous loop, but often those loops focus on adding new features rather than the maintenance of old features. The development team can integrate sprints dedicated to fixing old bugs and (more rarely) code review, but unless that dedicated sprint is there most teams will never look into it, rather they will decide to focus on creating new features to meet customer demand. As a result, old security bugs can go a long time without ever being found or addressed.

Third, in most agile processes, there isn’t a dedicated spot for security. Developers are taught to release code after peer review and testing, but it’s important to have the testing done by a qualified professional. Agile can produce great results for dev teams by providing a quick, flexible process, but they have to make sure they can properly integrate security into their development lifecycle.

7 agile habits that produce security concerns

Rapid release cycle

One of the main features of agile development is its rapid release cycle. While this is good for meeting customer demands, this quick process can lead to overlooking potential security issues.

Inadequate security awareness and training

One of the biggest challenges in implementing good security processes is the human element. When it comes to security, the quality of the code will be heavily affected by the knowledge of the developers. Many developers simply lack good security awareness and training around writing secure code and as a result they unintentionally introduce security vulnerabilities into the code.

Inadequate access controls to source code repositories

Some development environments don’t have proper access control for their code repos and this can lead to unauthorized changes in the code. These changes will not be subject to the same level of scrutiny or testing as code changes that go through the proper change management process and this can result in the introduction of security vulnerabilities.

Lack of security integrations

In some instances, the software development environment doesn’t have security integrations in place to help control access to the dev environment. This can include things like MFA and SSO. This is important for ensuring that only authorized people can access and contribute to the company code repos.

Lack of sensitive data management systems

A sensitive data management system is a system that facilitates the protection of sensitive data on a device, such as passwords. One example that is important in software development is a SAST or DAST solution. These are tools that can automatically test production code for vulnerabilities and leaked sensitive data. This is important for ensuring that sensitive data is not accidentally leaked into production code.

Lack of security champions

Another common issue is the lack of “Security champions” within the development team. Typically most developers are focused on writing good, effective code to solve a business problem or customer need. However, each dev team needs a member of the team who has a strong understanding of security best practices and can lead the security initiatives in the development lifecycle. In many cases, it’s good to have dedicated security engineers on the team to fulfill this role.

Lack of third-party and open-source management

The final element on this list is a lack of third-party and open-source management. Whenever you are using outside code, it’s important to have a process for evaluating this and ensuring that it is free of any potential security vulnerabilities. One way to do this is to use dependency auditing tools that can evaluate the code being used in the application. An additional layer of protection can be to use subresource integrity validation, this allows you to check that the open-source components that you are using haven’t been tampered with before being introduced to your code repository.

How to integrate security processes into agile development frameworks

Secure code training

Secure code training is a great way to limit the vulnerabilities that will be introduced due to developers' lack of security knowledge. By teaching your developers secure coding practices they will better be able to self-assess their code and avoid making mistakes that could introduce new vulnerabilities.

Dedicated secure code review as part of the agile lifecycle

As part of your testing phase in Agile, you should have a dedicated secure code review. This is simply a review of the application’s source code to look for potential security issues. Ideally, this should be done by a security expert rather than one of the devs who wrote the code themselves.

Frequent penetration testing

Another good practice for identifying security issues is to perform regular penetration tests. This is when you have a security professional perform controlled cyber attacks against your application to see what vulnerabilities exist and how they can be exploited. By having penetration tests done regularly you will get reports that show exactly how your application can be exploited and what steps you need to take to resolve those issues.

Third-party risk management

If your application uses any third-party components such as open-source code libraries, third-party hosting services etc then you should be doing a third-party risk assessment for each of those components. There is a chance that these third-party elements introduce new vulnerabilities or other forms of risk into your software, which is why third-party risk assessment and management is so important.

Threat modelling

The STRIDE approach, developed by Microsoft, offers a structured method for understanding attackers and categorizing threats. Integrating threat modelling workshops into Agile sprint planning is essential for identifying and addressing security issues effectively. These workshops enable developers to collectively brainstorm potential security risks, ensuring that security remains a priority throughout the development process. Regular threat modelling updates are necessary in Agile environments due to frequent releases and changing attack surfaces. By prioritizing threat modelling, Agile teams can bridge the gap between rapid development and robust security, ultimately creating more resilient software.

Conclusion

While there are many benefits to agile software development, there are also some security concerns that need to be considered. Agile security may result in slower development cycles and increased costs, it's important to recognize that the cost of a security breach can far outweigh the investment in security measures. By integrating security from the start and leveraging automation and collaboration, companies can effectively manage security concerns without compromising the speed and flexibility of agile methodologies. This article listed seven of the most common agile practices that can produce security concerns.